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Juniper Service Provider, Professional (JNCIP-SP) Sample Questions (Q22-Q27):

NEW QUESTION # 22
Which three statements about IS-IS in a multi-area network are correct? (Choose three.)

• A. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to all L1 routers in other areas.
• B. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.
• C. External L2 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L2 routers.
• D. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.
• E. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.

Answer: B,D,E

Explanation:
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a link-state routing protocol designed to move information efficiently within a computer network, a group of physically connected computers or similar devices. It operates in two levels, Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and supports hierarchical routing within a multi-area network.
Let's analyze each statement to determine its correctness in the context of IS-IS multi-area networks.
1. **Statement A: Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
- This statement is correct. L1 PDUs (Protocol Data Units) are flooded within the L1 area and also to the L2 routers that are present in the same area. These L2 routers act as the boundary routers that connect the local L1 area to other L1 areas via L2.
2. **Statement B: External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.**
- This statement is correct. L2 PDUs are flooded throughout the entire L2 backbone, which includes all L2 routers in different areas. This ensures that inter-area routing information is shared across the network.
3. **Statement C: Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to all L1 routers in other areas.**
- This statement is incorrect. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded within the local L1 area. They do not cross L1 area boundaries; inter-area communication is handled by L2 routers.
4. **Statement D: Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.**
- This statement is correct. Internal L1 PDUs are indeed only flooded within their local L1 area, and do not go beyond it.
5. **Statement E: External L2 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
- This statement is incorrect. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers throughout the IS-IS network, not just to those in the local area. This allows L2 routers to maintain a complete map of the network's topology.
**Conclusion**:
Given the analysis, the correct answers are:
**A. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
**B. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.**
**D. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.**
**Reference**:
- Juniper Networks Documentation on IS-IS: [IS-IS Overview](https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/is-is-routing-overview.html)
- RFC 1195, Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments: [RFC 1195](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1195) which details the operation of IS-IS in multi-area networks.

NEW QUESTION # 23

Click the Exhibit hutton.
You are configuring an interprovider Option C Layer 3 VPN to connect two customer sites.
Referring to the exhibit, which three statements are correct? (Choose three.)

• A. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.
• B. P routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback address from the other AS PEs.
• C. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.
• D. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.
• E. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.

Answer: A,D,E

Explanation:
Interprovider Option C for Layer 3 VPNs involves the use of Autonomous System Boundary Routers (ASBRs) to exchange labeled VPN-IPv4 routes between different Autonomous Systems (AS). This option requires BGP sessions between ASBRs, and the VPN routes are carried end-to-end using MPLS labels. Here' s a detailed analysis of the roles of different routers in this scenario:
1. **ASBR Routers**:
- ASBRs are responsible for exchanging VPN-IPv4 routes between different ASes.
- **A. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.**
- Correct. ASBRs maintain routes to internal destinations within their own AS, and they also need to know the loopback addresses of PEs in the other AS to set up the BGP sessions and MPLS tunnels.
2. **PE Routers**:
- PE routers are responsible for maintaining VPN routes and label information to forward VPN traffic correctly.
- **B. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
- Correct. PE routers need to maintain:
- Internal routes within their AS for routing.
- Loopback addresses of other AS PEs for establishing MPLS LSPs.
- L3VPN routes to provide end-to-end VPN connectivity.
3. **P Routers**:
- P routers are the core routers that do not participate in BGP VPN routing but forward labeled packets based on MPLS labels.
- **C. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.**
- Correct. P routers maintain the internal routing information to forward packets within the AS and use MPLS labels for forwarding VPN packets. They do not maintain VPN routes or routes from other ASes.
4. **Incorrect Statements**:
- **D. P routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback address from the other AS PEs.
**
- Incorrect. P routers do not need to maintain the loopback addresses of other AS PEs. They only maintain internal routing and MPLS label information.
- **E. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
- Incorrect. ASBR routers do not maintain L3VPN routes. They exchange labeled VPN-IPv4 routes with other ASBRs and forward them to PE routers.
**Conclusion**:
The correct answers are:
**A. ASBR routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS and the loopback addresses from the other AS PEs.**
**B. PE routers maintain the internal routes from its own AS, the loopback address from the other AS PEs, and the L3VPN routes.**
**C. P routers only maintain the internal routes from their own AS.**
**References**:
- Juniper Networks Documentation on Interprovider VPNs: [Interprovider VPN Configuration](https://www.
juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/topic-map/mpls-vpn-interprovider.html)
- MPLS and VPN Architectures, CCIP Edition by Ivan Pepelnjak and Jim Guichard

NEW QUESTION # 24
Your network is receiving the 203.0.113.0/24 network using EBGP from AS 64500 and AS 64501. Both of these advertisements have identical local-preference values, AS-path lengths, and BGP origin codes. You want to influence the way your AS sends traffic to the 203.0.113.0/24 network.
In this scenario, which attribute would you consider next when selecting the best path?

• A. peer IP address
• B. IGP metric
• C. router ID
• D. MED value

Answer: D

Explanation:
To determine the correct answer, let's analyze the BGP path selection process and identify which attribute would be considered next in this scenario.
Background on BGP Path Selection
When multiple paths to the same destination are received via BGP, the router uses a step-by-step process to select the best path. The order of attributes considered is as follows (simplified for this scenario):
* Highest Local Preference : The path with the highest local preference is preferred.
* Shortest AS Path : The path with the shortest AS path length is preferred.
* Lowest Origin Code : Paths with an origin code of IGP are preferred over EGP, and EGP is preferred over Incomplete.
* Lowest MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) : If the first three attributes are identical, the path with the lowest MED value is preferred.
* eBGP over iBGP : eBGP paths are preferred over iBGP paths.
* IGP Metric to Next Hop : The path with the lowest IGP metric to the next-hop router is preferred.
* Router ID : If all else is equal, the path from the router with the lowest Router ID is preferred.
* Peer IP Address : As a last tiebreaker, the path from the peer with the lowest IP address is preferred.
Scenario Analysis
In this scenario:
* You are receiving the 203.0.113.0/24 network via EBGP from two different autonomous systems (AS
64500 and AS 64501).
* Both advertisements have identical local-preference values , AS-path lengths , and BGP origin codes .
Given that the first three attributes in the BGP path selection process are identical, the next attribute to consider is the MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator) value.
Analysis of the Options
Option A: Router ID
* Incorrect : The Router ID is considered much later in the BGP path selection process, only after other attributes like MED and IGP metric have been evaluated. Since MED is still relevant here, Router ID is not the next attribute to consider.
Option B: MED value
* Correct : The MED value is used to influence inbound traffic from neighboring ASes. When local preference, AS path length, and origin code are identical, the path with the lowest MED value is preferred. This makes MED the next attribute to consider in this scenario.
Option C: Peer IP Address
* Incorrect : The peer IP address is a tiebreaker used only at the very end of the BGP path selection process, after all other attributes have been evaluated. It is not relevant here because MED has not yet been considered.
Option D: IGP Metric
* Incorrect : The IGP metric to the next-hop router is considered after MED. Since MED is still relevant in this scenario, IGP metric is not the next attribute to evaluate.
Final Answer
The correct answer is:
B: MED value
Summary
* When local preference, AS path length, and origin code are identical, the MED value is the next attribute considered in the BGP path selection process.
* MED is used to influence how traffic enters your AS from neighboring ASes.

NEW QUESTION # 25
Which three statements about IS-IS in a multi-area network are correct? (Choose three.)

• A. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to all L1 routers in other areas.
• B. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.
• C. External L2 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L2 routers.
• D. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.
• E. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.

Answer: B,D,E

Explanation:
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) is a link-state routing protocol designed to move information efficiently within a computer network, a group of physically connected computers or similar devices. It operates in two levels, Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and supports hierarchical routing within a multi-area network.
Let's analyze each statement to determine its correctness in the context of IS-IS multi-area networks.
1. **Statement A: Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
- This statement is correct. L1 PDUs (Protocol Data Units) are flooded within the L1 area and also to the L2 routers that are present in the same area. These L2 routers act as the boundary routers that connect the local L1 area to other L1 areas via L2.
2. **Statement B: External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.**
- This statement is correct. L2 PDUs are flooded throughout the entire L2 backbone, which includes all L2 routers in different areas. This ensures that inter-area routing information is shared across the network.
3. **Statement C: Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to all L1 routers in other areas.**
- This statement is incorrect. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded within the local L1 area. They do not cross L1 area boundaries; inter-area communication is handled by L2 routers.
4. **Statement D: Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.**
- This statement is correct. Internal L1 PDUs are indeed only flooded within their local L1 area, and do not go beyond it.
5. **Statement E: External L2 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
- This statement is incorrect. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers throughout the IS-IS network, not just to those in the local area. This allows L2 routers to maintain a complete map of the network's topology.
**Conclusion**:
Given the analysis, the correct answers are:
**A. Internal L1 PDUs are flooded to the local area's L2 routers.**
**B. External L2 PDUs are flooded to all L2 routers in other areas.**
**D. Internal L1 PDUs are only flooded to the local area's L1 routers.**
**References**:
- Juniper Networks Documentation on IS-IS: [IS-IS
Overview](https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/concept/is-is-routing-overview.html)
- RFC 1195, Use of OSI IS-IS for Routing in TCP/IP and Dual Environments: [RFC
1195](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1195) which details the operation of IS-IS in multi-area networks.

NEW QUESTION # 26
Which statement is correct about IS-IS when it performs the Dijkstra algorithm?

• A. Tuples with the lowest cost are moved from the tree database to the LSDB.
• B. The algorithm will stop processing once the tree database is empty.
• C. When a new neighbor ID in the tree database matches a router ID in the LSDB, the neighbor ID is moved to the candidate database
• D. The local router moves its own local tuples into the candidate database

Answer: D

Explanation:
Explanation
IS-IS is a link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to compute the shortest paths between nodes in a network. The Dijkstra algorithm maintains three data structures: a tree database, a candidate database, and a link-state database (LSDB). The tree database contains the nodes that have been visited and their shortest distances from the source node. The candidate database contains the nodes that have not been visited yet and their tentative distances from the source node. The LSDB contains the topology information of the network, such as the links and their costs.
The Dijkstra algorithm works as follows:
* The local router moves its own local tuples into the tree database. A tuple consists of a node ID, a distance, and a parent node ID. The local router's tuple has a distance of zero and no parent node.
* The local router moves its neighbors' tuples into the candidate database. The neighbors' tuples have distances equal to the costs of the links to them and parent node IDs equal to the local router's node ID.
* The local router selects the tuple with the lowest distance from the candidate database and moves it to the tree database. This tuple becomes the current node.
* The local router updates the distances of the current node's neighbors in the candidate database by adding the current node's distance to the link costs. If a shorter distance is found, the parent node ID is also updated.
* The algorithm repeats steps 3 and 4 until either the destination node is reached or the candidate database is empty.

NEW QUESTION # 27
......

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